My Country India Essay Example for Free

My Country India EssayIndia, officially the Republic of India (Bharat Ganrajya), is a country in south due western Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country with over 1. 2 billion people, and the most populous land in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the verbalise of Bengal on the south- eastern hemisphere, it touchs land borders with Pakistan to the west China,Nepal, and Bhutan to the coupling-east and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives in addition, Indias Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilization and a region of diachronic trade routes and huge empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long account. quadruplet world religionsHinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, a nd Sikhismoriginated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the regions diverse culture.Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was attach by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi. The Indian economy is the worlds tenth-largest by nominal GDP and third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastest-growing major economies it is considered a impertinently industrialised country.However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, illiteracy, corruption, malnutrition, inadequate public healthcare, and terrorism. A nuclear weapons stateand a regional power, it has the third-largest standing milit ary in the world and ranks seventh in military expenditure among nations. India is a federal constitutional majority rule governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 28 states and 7 union territories. India is a pluralistic, multilingual, andmulti-ethnic society. It is also plate to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.India comprises the bulk of the Indian subcontinent and lies atop the electric razor Indian tectonic plate, which in turn belongs to the Indo-Australian Plate. Indias defining geological processes commenced 75 million years past when the Indian subcontinent, then part of the southern supercontinent tGondwana, began a north-eastward drift across the then-unformed Indian Ocean that lasted cubic decimetre million years. The subcontinents subsequent collision with, and subduction under, the Eurasian Plate bore aloft the planets highest mountains, the Himalayas.They abut India in the north and thenorth-east. In the former seabed immediate ly south of the emerging Himalayas, plate movement created a vast trough that has gradually filled with river-borne sediment it now forms the Indo-Gangetic Plain. To the west lies the Thar withdraw from, which is cut off by the Aravalli Range. The airplane pilot Indian plate survives as peninsular India, which is the oldest and geologically most stable part of India it extends as further north as the Satpura and Vindhya ranges in central India.These parallel chains run from the Arabian Sea shore in Gujarat in the west to the coal-rich Chota Nagpur Plateau in Jharkhand in the east. To the south, the remaining peninsular landmass, the Deccan Plateau, is flanked on the west and east by coastal ranges known as the Western and Eastern Ghats114 the plateau contains the nations oldest rock formations, both(prenominal) of them over one billion years old. Constituted in much(prenominal) fashion, India lies to the north of the equator between 6 44 and 35 30 north latitude and 68 7 and 9 7 25 east longitude.The Kedar Range of the Greater Himalayas rises behind Kedarnath Temple, which is one of the twelve jyotirlinga shrines. Indias coastline measures 7,517 kilometres (4,700 mi) in length of this distance, 5,423 kilometres (3,400 mi) belong to peninsular India and 2,094 kilometres (1,300 mi) to the Andaman, Nicobar, and Lakshadweep island chains. check to the Indian naval hydrographic charts, the mainland coastline consists of the following 43% sandy beaches 11% rocky shores, including cliffs and 46% mudflats or marshy shores. major Himalayan-origin rivers that substantially flow through India include the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, both of which drain into the mouth of Bengal. Important tributaries of the Ganges include the Yamuna and the Kosi the latters extremely low gradient often leads to severe floods and course changes. Major peninsular rivers, whose steeper gradients prevent their waters from flooding, include the Godavari, the Mahanadi, the Kaveri, and the Krishna, which also drain into the Bay of Bengal and the Narmada and the Tapti, which drain into the Arabian Sea.Coastal features include the marshy Rann of Kutch of western India and the alluvial Sundarbans delta of eastern India the latter is shared with Bangladesh. India has ii archipelagos the Lakshadweep, coral atolls off Indias south-western coast and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a volcanic chain in the Andaman Sea. The Indian climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert, both of which drive the economically and culturally pivotal summer and wintermonsoons.The Himalayas prevent cold primaeval Asian katabatic winds from blowing in, keeping the bulk of the Indian subcontinent warmer than most locations at similar latitudes. The Thar Desert plays a crucial role in attracting the moisture-laden south-west summer monsoon winds that, between June and October, provide the majority of Indias rainfall. 4 major climatic groupings predominate in India trop ical wet, tropical dry, subtropical humid, and montane. Indian cultural history spans more than 4,500 years. During the Vedic period (c. 700500 BCE), the foundations of Hindu philosophy, mythology, and literature were laid, and many beliefs and practices which still exist today, such as dharma, karma, yoga, and mok? ha, were established. India is notable for its religious diversity, with Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity, and Jainism among the nations major religions. The predominant religion, Hinduism, has been shaped by various historical schools of thought, including those of the Upanishads, the Yoga Sutras, the Bhakti movement, and by Buddhist philosophy.Much of Indian architecture, including the Taj Mahal, other works of Mughal architecture, and South Indian architecture, blends ancient local traditions with import styles. Vernacular architecture is also highly regional in it flavours. Vastu shastra, literally science of construction or architecture and ascribed to Mamuni Mayan, explores how the laws of nature affect human dwellings it employs precise geometry and directional alignments to reflect perceived cosmic constructs. As applied in Hindu emple architecture, it is influenced by the Shilpa Shastras, a series of foundational texts whose basic mythological form is the Vastu-Purusha mandala, a square that embodied the absolute. The Taj Mahal, built inAgra between 1631 and 1648 by orders of Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife, has been described in the UNESCO World Heritage List as the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the worlds heritage. Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture, developed by the British in the late 19th century, drew on Indo-Islamic architecture.